ABSTRACT
Background: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital disorder. As an isolated lesion, PDA constitutes 6 to 11% of all congenital heart disease. PDA needs closure to eliminate pulmonary over circulation leading to volume overload of left ventricle, pulmonary vascular obstructed disease.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in pediatric cardiology unit of Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata from September 2005 to August 2016, which included 503 patients.Results: Device closure was attempted in 492 patient’s Procedural success was achieved in 85% cases on table, in who check aortogram revealed complete closure of PDA. In 15% cases, residual shunt was present. In 12% of cases, residual shunt disappeared during follow-up echocardiogram over 6-month follow-up. In 3% cases, small shunt remained at 6-month and 1-year follow up.Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of PDA by duct occluder is safe and effective with good mid-term outcome. The optimum assessment of ductul size and anatomy is crucial for optimum device size, which prevents residual shunt, device embolization and protrusion.
ABSTRACT
Tharus are one of the largest ethnic groups in Nepal making up 6.75 percentage of the total population, and yet oneof the weakest and most marginalized populace. Tharus have unique linguistic and cultural heritages to their credit.Tharus that inhabit Nepal from east to west are composed of various endogamous groups with different culturalpractices and languages. The present study deals with the socio-economic status, demographic characteristics andcultural pattern of the Tharu community living in Fattepur VDC of Bara district. A very little research on theTharus has been done or that the works dealing with Tharu culture are published in very low volumes.The mainaim of the work will be to study the cultural aspect of the Tharus that live in Fattepur VDC of Bara district. Thepoor and minorities are often left by the researchers while they might have a key role in development process. Veryfewer researches have been made on Tharu Community and till now, no research has been made on the TharuCommunity in the specified area. Living in substance land,Tharus are comparatively sidelined and deprived. Inthis context, this study will be very important and helpful to solve their basic problems such as illiteracy, poverty,poor health status, poor land for agricultural production, low socio-economic status, etc.The conceptual frameworkwhich incorporates parts of the theories of frameworks such as religion, clothing style, language, politicalparticipation, and customs and traditions